同位语从句讲解

时间:2024-09-20 13:23:09编辑:阿星

同位语从句使用应注意问题

  最常用的引导词   用以引导同位语从句的最常用的连词是that。如:   The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。   The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。   有时也可以用whether、连接代词或连接副词等来引导。如:   It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。   Do you have any idea where he lives? 你知道他住在哪里吗?   She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白她为什么突然想到了他。   We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。   同位语从句可以用if引导吗   表示“是否”的whether可以引导同位语从句,但是与之同义的if不能用于引导同位语从句。如:   他是否会来还不一定。   误:There is some doubt if he will come.   正:There is some doubt whether he will come.   让我们来讨论是否该做的问题吧。   正:Let’s discuss the question if we should do it.   正:Let’s discuss the question whether we should do it.   同位语从句可以用which引导吗   大家知道,在定语从句中,若先行词为指事物的名词,有时既可用that来引导定语从句,也可用which来引导定语从句,但在同位语从句中,习惯上要用that,而不用which。如:   我坚信他会获胜。   误:I hold a firm belief which he will win.   正:I hold a firm belief that he will win.   我得出结论这样做是不明智的。   误:I've come to the conclusion which it was unwise to do that.   正:I've come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.   同位语从句可以用what引导吗   what不能用于引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句,尤其用于idea之后。如:   Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?   I didn’t have the faintest idea what you meant. 我一点也不明白你是什么意思。   Do you have any idea what it means to be poor? 你知道贫穷意味着什么吗?   当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。如:   The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。   He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。   同位语中应注意:   1. 高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多,常见的有:answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如:   Hw sent us a message that he won’t come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说,下周他不来了。   There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问,它适合这一工作。   2. 表示“命令、建议、要求”advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语,须用虚拟语气。如:   He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college. 他已清楚的.表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。   Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了,所有的人不得违犯制度。   3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:   同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同,具体表现在以下几个方面:   (1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。   (2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。   (3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不担任任何成分,但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中担任句子的某种成分,当担任定语从句中的宾语时,that可以省略。   (4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导;而同位从句可以用what, how, whether引导   (5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。

什么是同位语?如何引导同位语从句?

同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact,
idea,
opinion,
news,
hope,
belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如:

They
are
familiar
with
the
opinion
that
all
matter
consists
of
atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。

1、从先行词来看

同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如:

They
were
delighted
at
the
news
that
their
team
had
won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。

2、从引导词来看

引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。试比较:

The
factory(that)we
visited
yesterday
is
a
chemical
one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)

The
news
that
he
will
leave
for
Shanghai
is
true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)


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